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Cetirizine

Cetirizine

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  • ✔️ Relieves hay fever, sneezing, and itchy eyes within one hour
  • ✔️ Once-daily 10mg tablet provides up to 24 hours of allergy relief
  • ✔️ Second-generation antihistamine — less likely to cause drowsiness
  • ✔️ Suitable for adults and children aged 6 years and over
  • ✔️ Effective for urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and pet or dust allergies

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What Are Cetirizine Tablets and How Do They Help?

 

Cetirizine tablets are one of the most widely used over-the-counter antihistamines in the UK, trusted by millions of people to manage the miserable symptoms of hay fever, allergic rhinitis, and skin reactions like urticaria (hives). Available without a prescription, they offer a convenient and affordable way to get on top of allergy symptoms — whether you're dealing with a seasonal flare-up or a year-round sensitivity. If you're looking for reliable allergy and hay fever relief, cetirizine is a well-established option worth considering.

Cetirizine hydrochloride is the active ingredient, and it belongs to a class of medicines called second-generation antihistamines. Unlike older antihistamines, it's far less likely to make you feel drowsy — though it can still cause sedation in some people. It's been used clinically for decades and has a well-documented safety profile backed by NHS guidance.

 

How Does Cetirizine Work in the Body?

 

When your immune system encounters an allergen — pollen, pet dander, dust mites, for example — it triggers the release of a chemical called histamine. Histamine binds to H1 receptors throughout the body, causing the familiar cascade of symptoms: sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and a blocked or runny nose. Cetirizine steps in by selectively blocking those H1 receptors, stopping histamine from doing its damage.

  • Allergen exposure triggers histamine release from mast cells
  • Histamine binds to H1 receptors, causing allergic symptoms
  • Cetirizine selectively blocks H1 receptors throughout the body
  • Symptoms — sneezing, itching, rhinorrhoea — are reduced or prevented
  • Effects typically begin within one hour of taking the tablet

Because cetirizine has low penetration of the blood-brain barrier compared to first-generation antihistamines, it causes significantly less sedation. That said, it's not entirely non-drowsy for everyone, so it's worth being aware of how it affects you before driving or operating machinery.

 

Who Should Use Cetirizine Tablets?

 

Cetirizine is suitable for a broad range of people dealing with allergic conditions. Adults and children aged 6 years and over can generally use it safely, though dosing differs by age. It's particularly useful if you need something that works reliably without leaving you feeling foggy throughout the day.

  • Adults and children aged 6 and over with hay fever or allergic rhinitis
  • People with chronic idiopathic urticaria (persistent hives without a clear cause)
  • Those with allergic reactions to pet dander, dust mites, or mould
  • Individuals who have found first-generation antihistamines too sedating

It may not be suitable for everyone. People with severe kidney disease, those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and anyone with a known hypersensitivity to cetirizine or hydroxyzine should seek medical advice before use.

 

How Does Cetirizine Compare to Other Antihistamines?

 

Feature Cetirizine 10mg Loratadine 10mg
Generation Second-generation Second-generation
Drowsiness risk Low (possible in some) Very low
Onset of action Within 1 hour Within 1–3 hours
Duration of effect Up to 24 hours Up to 24 hours
Suitable for children 6 years and over 2 years and over (syrup)
Available OTC in UK Yes Yes

 

Is Cetirizine Suitable for Long-Term Use and How Should It Be Stored?

 

Many people with perennial (year-round) allergic rhinitis or chronic urticaria take cetirizine tablets on an ongoing basis. The NHS notes that antihistamines like cetirizine are generally considered safe for extended use, but it's sensible to review your treatment with a GP or pharmacist periodically — especially if your symptoms change or you start new medications. If you're also managing skin-related allergy symptoms, you might find it helpful to explore our skin care range alongside your antihistamine treatment.

Store cetirizine tablets below 25°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight. Keep them out of reach of children. Do not use after the expiry date printed on the packaging. There's no need to refrigerate them.

This product is a medicine. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist before using if you have an underlying medical condition or are taking other medicines.

Cetirizine specifications
Treatment category Antihistamine / Allergy relief
Mechanism of action Selective H1 receptor antagonist
Effective for Hay fever, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis
Suitable for Adults and children aged 6 years and over
Active ingredient Cetirizine hydrochloride
Strengths 10mg
UK classification General Sale List (GSL) / Pharmacy (P) medicine
Drug class Second-generation antihistamine
Preparation Film-coated tablet
Route of administration Oral

Specifications of Cetirizine

 

What Is Cetirizine and What Is It Used For?

 

Cetirizine hydrochloride 10mg is a second-generation antihistamine medicine used to relieve the symptoms of allergic conditions. It is licensed in the UK for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (including hay fever), chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives), and other allergic skin reactions. It works by blocking the action of histamine — the chemical your body releases during an allergic response — helping to reduce sneezing, itching, a runny nose, watery eyes, and skin rashes.

It is available over the counter in the UK without a prescription for adults and children aged 6 and over. For younger children, always seek advice from a GP or pharmacist before use. If your symptoms include itchy or watery eyes alongside hay fever, you may also want to explore our eye care range for additional relief.

 

What Do You Need to Know Before Using Cetirizine?

 

Before taking cetirizine, it's important to check whether it is appropriate for you. Do not take cetirizine if any of the following apply:

  • You are allergic to cetirizine hydrochloride, hydroxyzine, or any other ingredient in the tablet
  • You have severe kidney (renal) impairment
  • You are pregnant or breastfeeding (seek medical advice first)
  • You are under 6 years of age

Speak to your doctor or pharmacist before taking cetirizine if you have kidney problems, epilepsy, or are at risk of urinary retention. The following medicines may interact with cetirizine:

  • Alcohol — increases the risk of drowsiness
  • Other sedating medicines, including sleeping tablets and anxiolytics
  • Ritonavir (used to treat HIV) — may increase cetirizine levels in the blood
  • CNS depressants — combined use may enhance sedative effects

 

How Should You Use Cetirizine Tablets?

 

Always take cetirizine exactly as directed on the packaging or as advised by your pharmacist. The tablet can be swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food.

  1. Check the packaging to confirm the correct dose for your age group
  2. Swallow the tablet whole — do not crush or chew unless the formulation permits
  3. Take with a full glass of water
  4. Take once daily, at the same time each day if possible
  5. Do not exceed the stated dose
Age Group Dose Frequency
Adults and children 12 years and over 10mg Once daily
Children 6–11 years 5mg Once daily (half tablet or syrup)
Adults with mild to moderate renal impairment 5mg Once daily (seek medical advice)
Children under 6 years Not recommended without medical advice

 

What Are the Possible Side Effects of Cetirizine?

 

Like all medicines, cetirizine can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Most side effects are mild and resolve on their own.

Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):

  • Drowsiness or fatigue
  • Dry mouth
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Pharyngitis (sore throat)

Less common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):

  • Nausea or stomach discomfort
  • Agitation or restlessness (more common in children)
  • Paraesthesia (tingling or numbness)
  • Blurred vision
  • Difficulty urinating

Rarely, cetirizine can cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Seek emergency medical help immediately if you develop swelling of the face, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing, or a severe skin rash. If you're also managing cold or flu symptoms alongside your allergy, our cold and flu range may offer additional support.

 

How Should You Store Cetirizine Tablets?

 

  • Store below 25°C in a dry place away from direct heat and sunlight
  • Keep in the original packaging until use
  • Keep out of the sight and reach of children
  • Do not use after the expiry date printed on the carton or blister strip
  • Do not dispose of medicines via wastewater or household waste — return unused tablets to your pharmacy

Written and reviewed by our qualified team

Your safety and success are our highest priorities. Our medical team rigorously evaluates every product and piece of advice we provide, ensuring you receive only the most effective, science-backed solutions available.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where can I buy cetirizine tablets online in the UK?

You can buy cetirizine tablets online from Cured Pharmacy, a GPhC-registered online pharmacy, starting from just £1.99. No prescription is needed for the standard 10mg adult dose. Simply add to your basket and complete a short health check at checkout to ensure it's suitable for you.

How does cetirizine work in the body?

Cetirizine works by selectively blocking H1 histamine receptors, which are found throughout the body. When an allergen triggers histamine release, cetirizine prevents histamine from binding to these receptors, stopping the chain reaction that causes sneezing, itching, and a runny nose. Because it has low penetration of the blood-brain barrier, it causes much less drowsiness than older antihistamines like chlorphenamine.

How do I take cetirizine step by step?

Swallow one 10mg tablet whole with a glass of water — you can take it with or without food. Take it once a day, ideally at the same time each day to maintain consistent levels in your system. Do not take more than one tablet in 24 hours unless specifically directed by a doctor.

What is the best time of day to take cetirizine?

There is no single "best" time, but many people prefer to take cetirizine in the evening because it can cause mild drowsiness in some individuals. If you find it doesn't make you sleepy, taking it in the morning means you'll have peak protection during the day when pollen counts are typically highest. Consistency matters more than timing — try to take it at the same time each day.

What are the side effects of cetirizine and how do I manage them?

The most common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, and headache. If drowsiness is a problem, try switching to an evening dose or speak to your pharmacist about alternatives. Dry mouth can be managed by staying well hydrated. If you experience more serious symptoms such as difficulty breathing or severe skin reactions, stop taking the tablet and seek medical help immediately.

Who is eligible to take cetirizine tablets?

Cetirizine is suitable for adults and children aged 6 years and over who are experiencing symptoms of hay fever, allergic rhinitis, or urticaria. It is not recommended for children under 6 without medical supervision, or for people with severe kidney impairment. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their GP before use. You can browse our full allergy and hay fever range to find the most suitable option for your needs.

What happens if I miss a dose of cetirizine?

If you forget to take your cetirizine tablet, take it as soon as you remember — unless it is nearly time for your next dose, in which case skip the missed dose entirely. Never take two tablets at once to compensate for a missed one. Missing an occasional dose is unlikely to cause any harm, but try to maintain a regular schedule for the best symptom control.

Can I take cetirizine every day long-term?

Yes, cetirizine can be taken daily for extended periods, particularly for people with perennial allergic rhinitis or chronic urticaria. The NHS notes that antihistamines are generally safe for ongoing use, but it's good practice to review your treatment with a GP or pharmacist periodically. If your symptoms are well controlled, your doctor may suggest trying a period without medication to see if it's still needed.

Is cetirizine safe to take during pregnancy?

Cetirizine is not generally recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, as there is limited safety data available. If you are pregnant and suffering from severe allergy symptoms, speak to your GP or midwife before taking any antihistamine. They can advise on the safest option for your stage of pregnancy.

Can I drink alcohol while taking cetirizine?

It is advisable to avoid alcohol while taking cetirizine, as both can cause drowsiness and combining them may increase this effect. Even if you don't normally feel drowsy on cetirizine, alcohol could tip the balance and impair your ability to drive or operate machinery safely. Check with your pharmacist if you're unsure.

What is the difference between cetirizine and loratadine?

Both cetirizine and loratadine are second-generation antihistamines used to treat hay fever and allergic conditions. Cetirizine tends to act slightly faster and may be more effective for some people, but it carries a marginally higher risk of drowsiness compared to loratadine. The best choice depends on your individual response — some people find one works better for them than the other.

Can cetirizine be used for skin allergies and hives?

Yes, cetirizine is licensed for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives) and other allergic skin reactions in the UK. It helps reduce itching, redness, and the appearance of wheals associated with urticaria. If your skin symptoms are persistent or worsening, it's worth speaking to your GP to rule out an underlying cause. You may also find our skin care range helpful for managing associated skin discomfort.

How quickly does cetirizine start working?

Cetirizine typically begins to work within one hour of taking a tablet, with peak plasma concentrations reached in around one hour. The effects last for up to 24 hours, which is why it only needs to be taken once a day. For best results during hay fever season, some people find it helpful to take it before symptoms begin rather than waiting until they're already suffering.

What are the alternatives to cetirizine for hay fever?

Common alternatives to cetirizine include loratadine, fexofenadine, and acrivastine — all second-generation antihistamines available over the counter in the UK. Nasal corticosteroid sprays such as beclometasone are also recommended by the NHS for more persistent nasal symptoms. Your pharmacist can help you choose the most appropriate option based on your symptoms and medical history.

What are the latest findings on cetirizine use?

Cetirizine remains one of the most studied antihistamines in clinical literature, with decades of evidence supporting its safety and efficacy for allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Current NHS and NICE guidance continues to recommend second-generation antihistamines like cetirizine as first-line treatment for hay fever. Research continues to explore its use in conditions such as allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis, though these remain off-label uses in the UK.

How Should You Use Cetirizine?

Cetirizine tablets are straightforward to take, but following the correct method ensures you get the most from your treatment. Always read the patient information leaflet supplied with your pack before starting.

Do not take more than the recommended daily dose. If you accidentally take too much, contact NHS 111 or your nearest A&E department immediately.

What Is the Correct Dose of Cetirizine?

The dose of cetirizine varies depending on age and kidney function. Always follow the dosing instructions on the packaging or as directed by your pharmacist or GP. The table below summarises standard dosing guidance.

When Is the Best Time to Use Cetirizine?

Cetirizine can be taken at any time of day, but timing can make a difference to your experience. If you find it causes mild drowsiness, taking it in the evening before bed is a sensible approach — you'll sleep through any sedative effect and wake up with the antihistamine already active in your system. On the other hand, if you tolerate it well without drowsiness, a morning dose means you're protected during the hours when pollen counts tend to peak.

For people with chronic urticaria, consistent daily dosing at the same time is more important than the specific hour chosen. Regularity helps maintain steady drug levels and more reliable symptom control throughout the day.

How Long Can You Use Cetirizine For?

For seasonal hay fever, most people take cetirizine throughout the pollen season — typically March to September in the UK — and stop once symptoms resolve. For perennial allergic rhinitis or chronic urticaria, longer-term daily use may be appropriate and is generally considered safe under NHS guidance. However, it's good practice to review your ongoing need for antihistamine treatment with your GP or pharmacist at least once a year.

If your symptoms are not adequately controlled after two weeks of regular use, or if they worsen at any point, seek advice from a healthcare professional rather than increasing your dose independently.

Do not exceed the recommended dose. If in doubt, speak to your pharmacist.

What Are the Most Common Side Effects of Cetirizine?

Most people tolerate cetirizine well, but like all medicines it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects affect up to 1 in 10 people and are generally mild.

  • Drowsiness or fatigue
  • Dry mouth
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Pharyngitis (sore or irritated throat)

If drowsiness is affecting your daily life, try switching to an evening dose. Staying well hydrated can help with dry mouth. These effects usually settle as your body adjusts to the medication.

What Are the Less Common Side Effects of Cetirizine?

Less common side effects affect up to 1 in 100 people. They are worth being aware of, though most resolve without treatment.

  • Nausea or stomach discomfort
  • Agitation or restlessness (particularly in children)
  • Paraesthesia (tingling or pins and needles)
  • Blurred vision
  • Difficulty passing urine (urinary retention)
  • Palpitations
  • Abnormal liver function (very rare)

If you notice any of these symptoms and they persist or concern you, stop taking cetirizine and speak to your pharmacist or GP promptly.

What Are the Serious Side Effects of Cetirizine?

Serious side effects are rare but require immediate medical attention. A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to cetirizine, while uncommon, can occur. Symptoms to watch for include sudden swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing or swallowing, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, and a widespread skin rash or hives. If you experience any of these, call 999 or go to your nearest A&E immediately. Do not take another dose.

What Should You Do If You Experience Side Effects of Cetirizine?

For mild side effects such as drowsiness or dry mouth, simple adjustments — like changing the time you take your tablet or increasing your fluid intake — are often enough. If side effects are persistent, troublesome, or unexpected, contact your pharmacist or GP for advice. You can also report side effects directly to the MHRA via the Yellow Card scheme at yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk. This helps improve medicine safety for everyone.

Can Cetirizine Interact With Other Medicines?

Cetirizine can interact with certain other medicines, which may increase the risk of side effects. The most clinically significant interactions include alcohol and other CNS depressants (such as sleeping tablets, anxiolytics, and opioid painkillers), which can enhance drowsiness. Ritonavir, used in HIV treatment, may increase cetirizine blood levels. Always tell your pharmacist or doctor about all medicines, supplements, and herbal remedies you are taking before starting cetirizine.

If you are concerned about any side effects, contact your pharmacist or GP immediately.

Patient Information Leaflet

Important - Before taking any medication, it is always important to read the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL)

Written and reviewed by our qualified team

GPhC Number: 2233073
Tarun Kumar

Reviewed by:

Tarun Kumar

Superintendent/ Clinical Lead

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Content last updated: 31 Mar 2025

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