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Nasal Cannula

Nasal Cannula

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  • ✔️ Delivers low-flow oxygen comfortably via nasal prongs
  • ✔️ Suitable for COPD, heart failure, and post-operative recovery
  • ✔️ Lightweight design allows eating, speaking, and drinking freely
  • ✔️ Compatible with oxygen concentrators, cylinders, and liquid oxygen
  • ✔️ Replace every 2–4 weeks for consistent, hygienic oxygen delivery

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What Is a Nasal Cannula and How Does It Help?

 

If you or someone you care for needs supplemental oxygen at home or in a clinical setting, a nasal cannula is one of the most widely used and well-tolerated devices available. The Clear O2 Nasal Cannula is a lightweight, flexible oxygen delivery tube designed to sit comfortably in the nostrils, allowing a continuous flow of oxygen to reach the lungs without restricting normal breathing. At just £7.49, it offers a practical, affordable solution for patients managing respiratory conditions. If you are also managing other health concerns alongside your oxygen therapy, you may find our Ear, Nose & Throat range useful for related products.

Nasal cannulas are used across NHS hospitals, care homes, and home oxygen programmes throughout the UK. They are considered a first-line device for low-flow oxygen delivery because they are unobtrusive, easy to use, and allow patients to eat, drink, and speak normally during therapy.

 

How Does a Nasal Cannula Work?

 

The device works by channelling oxygen from a concentrator, cylinder, or liquid oxygen system directly into the nasal passages. From there, the oxygen mixes with ambient air during inhalation and travels into the lungs. Here is how the delivery process works step by step:

  • Oxygen flows from the supply source through the connecting tubing.
  • The two small prongs at the end of the cannula sit just inside the nostrils.
  • With each breath, the patient inhales a mixture of supplemental oxygen and room air.
  • The flow rate — measured in litres per minute (L/min) — determines the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) delivered.
  • At 1 L/min, FiO₂ is approximately 24%; at 6 L/min, it rises to around 44%.

Because the device relies on the patient's own breathing effort, it is classified as a low-flow, variable-performance system. This makes it ideal for stable patients who do not require precise, fixed oxygen concentrations.

 

Who Should Use a Nasal Cannula?

 

A nasal cannula is appropriate for a wide range of patients who need supplemental oxygen at low to moderate flow rates. It is particularly well suited to those on long-term home oxygen therapy (LTOT), which the NHS prescribes for conditions including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, and certain cardiac conditions. Your GP or respiratory specialist will confirm whether this device is right for you.

  • Adults and children with COPD or chronic respiratory failure.
  • Patients recovering from surgery or acute illness requiring short-term oxygen support.
  • Those on NHS home oxygen programmes who need a comfortable, everyday device.
  • Palliative care patients requiring symptom relief from breathlessness.

 

How Does a Nasal Cannula Compare to an Oxygen Mask?

 

Feature Nasal Cannula (Clear O2) Simple Face Mask
Flow rate range 1–6 L/min 5–10 L/min
FiO₂ delivered Approx. 24–44% Approx. 35–55%
Patient comfort High — allows eating and speaking Moderate — covers nose and mouth
Best suited for Stable, low-flow oxygen needs Higher oxygen requirements

 

Is a Nasal Cannula Suitable for Long-Term Use?

 

Yes, a nasal cannula is designed for repeated, extended use and is the standard device for patients on long-term oxygen therapy at home. However, it should be replaced regularly — typically every two to four weeks — to maintain hygiene and ensure consistent oxygen delivery. Prolonged use can occasionally cause mild nasal dryness or skin irritation around the nostrils, which can usually be managed with a humidifier attachment on your oxygen supply. If you are managing multiple health conditions alongside your oxygen therapy, our Vitamins and Supplements range includes products that may support general respiratory and immune health.

This product is a medicine. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist before using if you have an underlying medical condition or are taking other medicines.

Nasal Cannula specifications
Treatment category Oxygen therapy / Respiratory support
Mechanism of action Delivers supplemental oxygen via nasal prongs connected to an oxygen supply source
Effective for Low-flow supplemental oxygen delivery in adults and children
Suitable for Adults and children requiring low-flow oxygen therapy
Active ingredient None — medical device
Pack sizes Single unit
UK classification Medical device (CE/UKCA marked)
Preparation Flexible PVC tubing with nasal prongs
Route of administration Nasal inhalation

Specifications of Nasal Cannula

 

What Is a Nasal Cannula and What Is It Used For?

 

The Clear O2 Nasal Cannula is a single-patient-use medical device designed to deliver supplemental oxygen from an external oxygen source directly into the nasal passages. It is used in both clinical and home settings to treat or manage conditions where the blood oxygen level (SpO₂) falls below the normal range — typically below 94% in most adults, or below 88% in some patients with COPD, as guided by the NHS and British Thoracic Society.

Common conditions for which a nasal cannula may be prescribed or recommended include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, heart failure, interstitial lung disease, and post-operative recovery. It is also used in palliative care to relieve the distressing sensation of breathlessness. The device is not a treatment in itself — it supports the body's oxygen supply while the underlying condition is managed medically.

 

What Do You Need to Know Before Using a Nasal Cannula?

 

Before using this device, it is important to be aware of the following contraindications and safety considerations:

  • Do not use a nasal cannula if you have a completely blocked nasal passage — an oxygen mask may be more appropriate.
  • Do not use near open flames, lit cigarettes, or other ignition sources — oxygen significantly increases the risk of fire.
  • Do not adjust your prescribed oxygen flow rate without consulting your GP or respiratory nurse.
  • Patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure (e.g. type 2 respiratory failure in COPD) must use oxygen only at the flow rate specified by their clinical team to avoid suppressing their respiratory drive.
  • Do not share a nasal cannula between patients — it is a single-patient device.

There are no known drug interactions associated with this device, as it is a mechanical oxygen delivery tool rather than a pharmacological product. However, if you are taking medicines that affect respiratory function — such as opioids or benzodiazepines — discuss oxygen use with your prescriber, as these can alter your breathing pattern.

  • No pharmacological drug interactions identified.
  • Inform your clinical team of all medicines you are taking, particularly sedatives or respiratory depressants.

 

How Should You Use a Nasal Cannula?

 

Using a nasal cannula correctly ensures you receive the right amount of oxygen and minimises discomfort. Follow these steps carefully:

  1. Wash your hands thoroughly before handling the device.
  2. Connect the long tubing end of the cannula to your oxygen supply source (concentrator, cylinder, or liquid oxygen unit).
  3. Set the flow rate to the level prescribed by your doctor or respiratory team — do not guess.
  4. Gently insert the two curved prongs into your nostrils, with the prongs curving downward and inward.
  5. Loop the tubing over each ear and slide the plastic adjuster up under your chin to secure a comfortable, snug fit.
  6. Check that the tubing is not kinked or compressed, as this will reduce oxygen flow.
  7. Breathe normally through your nose and mouth.
Indication Age Group Flow Rate Frequency
COPD / chronic respiratory failure Adults As prescribed (typically 1–2 L/min) As directed — often 15+ hours/day for LTOT
Post-operative oxygen support Adults 2–4 L/min (as prescribed) Continuous until clinically reviewed
Palliative breathlessness relief Adults 1–4 L/min (as prescribed) As needed or continuous
Paediatric oxygen therapy Children As prescribed by paediatric team As directed

If you are also managing a respiratory condition alongside other health concerns, our First Aid range includes additional products that may be useful for home health management.

 

What Are the Possible Side Effects of a Nasal Cannula?

 

As a medical device rather than a drug, a nasal cannula does not cause systemic side effects. However, physical discomfort and local irritation can occur, particularly with prolonged use. Being aware of these helps you manage them early.

Common side effects:

  • Nasal dryness or soreness inside the nostrils — particularly at higher flow rates.
  • Mild skin irritation or pressure marks where the tubing rests on the cheeks or behind the ears.
  • Nosebleeds (epistaxis) in some patients, especially in dry environments.
  • Headache if the flow rate is set too high without clinical guidance.

Less common side effects:

  • Skin breakdown or pressure ulcers behind the ears or on the nasal bridge with very prolonged use.
  • Nasal congestion or increased mucus production.
  • Discomfort during sleep if the cannula shifts position.

Using a humidifier with your oxygen supply can significantly reduce nasal dryness. Foam ear protectors or tubing covers can help prevent skin irritation behind the ears. If you notice persistent skin breakdown, speak to your district nurse or GP.

 

How Should You Store a Nasal Cannula?

 

Proper storage keeps the device hygienic and functional between uses. Follow these guidelines:

  • Store in a clean, dry location away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
  • Keep away from open flames, gas cookers, and smoking areas — oxygen equipment must never be near ignition sources.
  • Do not store in a damp environment, as moisture can degrade the tubing material.
  • Keep the device in its original packaging until first use.
  • Replace the cannula every two to four weeks, or immediately if it becomes discoloured, cracked, or malodorous.
  • Do not attempt to sterilise and reuse a single-use cannula.

For patients managing multiple conditions at home, our Electrical Health and Diagnostic range includes pulse oximeters and other monitoring tools that complement oxygen therapy.

Written and reviewed by our qualified team

Your safety and success are our highest priorities. Our medical team rigorously evaluates every product and piece of advice we provide, ensuring you receive only the most effective, science-backed solutions available.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where can I buy a nasal cannula online in the UK?

You can buy the Clear O2 nasal cannula directly from Cured Pharmacy for £7.49, with fast UK delivery. It is available without a prescription as it is classified as a medical device rather than a medicine. Simply add it to your basket and check out securely online.

How does a nasal cannula deliver oxygen to the lungs?

A nasal cannula delivers supplemental oxygen through two small curved prongs that sit just inside the nostrils, connected via flexible tubing to an oxygen supply source. With each breath, the patient inhales a blend of supplemental oxygen and room air, increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen reaching the lungs. The flow rate — set in litres per minute — determines how much additional oxygen is delivered.

How do I fit and wear a nasal cannula correctly?

Insert the two prongs gently into your nostrils with the curved tips pointing downward, then loop the tubing over each ear and slide the plastic adjuster up snugly under your chin. The fit should be secure but not tight — the tubing should not dig into the skin behind your ears or pull at your nostrils. If you experience discomfort, foam ear protectors placed under the tubing can help.

What flow rate should I set on my nasal cannula?

The correct flow rate for your nasal cannula will be specified by your GP, respiratory nurse, or hospital team — never adjust it without their guidance. Standard low-flow nasal cannulas are designed for flow rates between 1 and 6 litres per minute. Exceeding 6 L/min is generally not recommended with a standard cannula, as it does not significantly increase oxygen delivery and can cause nasal discomfort.

What are the common side effects of using a nasal cannula?

The most common side effects are nasal dryness, mild soreness inside the nostrils, and pressure marks on the skin where the tubing rests behind the ears or on the cheeks. Nosebleeds can occasionally occur, particularly in dry environments or at higher flow rates. Using a humidifier with your oxygen supply and applying a gentle barrier cream around the nostrils can help manage these effects.

Who is a nasal cannula suitable for?

A nasal cannula is suitable for adults and children who require low-flow supplemental oxygen, including those with COPD, heart failure, interstitial lung disease, or those recovering from surgery. It is not suitable for patients who need high-flow or high-concentration oxygen therapy — in those cases, a Venturi mask or non-rebreather mask would be used instead. Always follow your clinical team's recommendation on which device is right for you.

How often should I replace my nasal cannula?

Most clinical guidance recommends replacing a nasal cannula every two to four weeks for home oxygen users, or sooner if it becomes discoloured, cracked, or develops an unpleasant odour. Regular replacement is important for maintaining hygiene and ensuring consistent oxygen delivery. Never attempt to sterilise and reuse a single-use cannula.

What is the difference between a nasal cannula and an oxygen mask?

A nasal cannula delivers low-flow oxygen through nasal prongs and allows you to eat, drink, and speak freely during therapy, making it more comfortable for everyday use. An oxygen mask covers both the nose and mouth and is used when higher oxygen concentrations are required, such as during acute illness or in hospital settings. Your clinical team will advise which device is most appropriate for your condition and oxygen requirements.

Can I use a nasal cannula if I breathe through my mouth?

A nasal cannula is less effective for patients who breathe predominantly through their mouth, as the oxygen is delivered into the nasal passages rather than directly into the airway. If you are a mouth breather, discuss this with your respiratory team, as a face mask may be a more suitable alternative. Some patients manage well with a cannula even if they occasionally breathe through their mouth, as the oxygen pools in the nasopharynx and is still partially inhaled.

Is it safe to use a nasal cannula at home without medical supervision?

A nasal cannula should only be used at home as part of a clinically prescribed oxygen therapy programme — self-prescribing oxygen without medical assessment is not recommended and can be harmful, particularly for patients with COPD who may retain carbon dioxide. If you are already on a home oxygen programme, your clinical team will have provided guidance on safe use. Always keep your oxygen equipment away from open flames and smoking areas.

How long can I use a nasal cannula each day?

The duration of daily use depends entirely on your clinical prescription. Patients on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for COPD are typically advised to use oxygen for at least 15 hours per day, including during sleep, to gain the full clinical benefit. Short-term users recovering from illness or surgery will use it for a shorter, clinically defined period. Always follow the hours specified by your GP or respiratory team.

What are the alternatives to a nasal cannula for oxygen therapy?

Alternatives include simple face masks, Venturi masks (which deliver a precise, fixed oxygen concentration), non-rebreather masks for higher oxygen needs, and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) systems used in hospital settings. The right choice depends on your oxygen requirements, underlying condition, and comfort. You can browse related respiratory and Ear, Nose & Throat products at Cured Pharmacy for complementary support.

Can a nasal cannula cause a nosebleed?

Yes, nosebleeds (epistaxis) can occasionally occur with nasal cannula use, particularly at higher flow rates or in dry environments, as the continuous oxygen flow can dry out the delicate nasal mucosa. Using a humidifier with your oxygen supply significantly reduces this risk. If nosebleeds are frequent or heavy, speak to your GP or respiratory nurse.

What are the latest guidelines on home oxygen therapy in the UK?

The NHS and NICE provide guidance on home oxygen therapy, including long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for COPD and other chronic respiratory conditions. NICE guideline NG115 covers COPD management including oxygen use, and the NHS home oxygen service sets out how patients are assessed and prescribed oxygen. Always ensure your oxygen therapy is reviewed regularly by your clinical team to confirm it remains appropriate for your condition.

Can I travel with a nasal cannula and my oxygen supply?

Yes, many patients on home oxygen therapy travel successfully, but it requires advance planning — airlines and transport providers have specific rules about oxygen equipment on board. Contact your airline well in advance and speak to your respiratory team about portable oxygen concentrators approved for travel. Our Travel health range also includes products that may support your wellbeing during journeys.

How Should You Use a Nasal Cannula?

Using your nasal cannula correctly is essential for safe and effective oxygen delivery. Before you begin, always wash your hands thoroughly. Follow these steps each time you use the device:

If the prongs feel uncomfortable or cause soreness, reposition them gently. Never force the prongs into the nostrils. If discomfort persists, contact your respiratory nurse or GP.

What Is the Correct Dose of a Nasal Cannula?

For a nasal cannula, "dose" refers to the oxygen flow rate in litres per minute (L/min), which is set on your oxygen supply unit. This is always determined by your prescribing clinician based on your blood oxygen levels and underlying condition — never self-adjust. The table below provides a general reference only; your prescribed rate may differ.

When Is the Best Time to Use a Nasal Cannula?

The timing of nasal cannula use depends entirely on your clinical prescription. Patients on long-term oxygen therapy are typically advised to use their oxygen continuously or for a minimum number of hours per day — including during sleep — to maintain adequate blood oxygen saturation throughout the night when natural breathing can slow. If you are prescribed ambulatory oxygen, you should use the cannula during physical activity as directed. Always follow the schedule set by your GP or respiratory team rather than using the device only when you feel breathless, as oxygen levels can fall before symptoms become noticeable.

How Long Can You Use a Nasal Cannula For?

The duration of oxygen therapy varies significantly between patients. Some people use a nasal cannula for a short period following surgery or acute illness, while others with chronic conditions such as COPD may use one indefinitely as part of a long-term oxygen therapy programme. The cannula itself should be replaced every two to four weeks regardless of how long your therapy continues. Your oxygen therapy should be reviewed by your clinical team at least annually — or sooner if your condition changes — to confirm that the flow rate and duration remain appropriate for your needs.

Do not exceed the recommended dose. If in doubt, speak to your pharmacist.

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What Are the Most Common Side Effects of a Nasal Cannula?

Because a nasal cannula is a medical device rather than a drug, it does not cause systemic side effects in the way medicines do. However, physical side effects related to the device's contact with the skin and nasal passages are well recognised and worth knowing about. Most are mild and manageable with simple adjustments.

  • Nasal dryness and soreness inside the nostrils, particularly at higher flow rates.
  • Mild skin irritation or redness where the tubing rests on the cheeks or behind the ears.
  • Nosebleeds (epistaxis), especially in dry environments or during winter months.
  • Headache if the oxygen flow rate is set higher than prescribed.
  • Slight discomfort or awareness of the prongs during the first few days of use.

What Are the Less Common Side Effects of a Nasal Cannula?

With prolonged or continuous use, some patients experience more persistent issues that require attention. These are less common but should not be ignored if they develop.

  • Pressure ulcers or skin breakdown behind the ears or on the nasal bridge from sustained tubing contact.
  • Increased nasal mucus production or congestion as the nasal passages react to the continuous airflow.
  • Disrupted sleep if the cannula shifts position during the night.
  • Ear discomfort from the tubing looping over the ears for extended periods.

What Are the Serious Side Effects of a Nasal Cannula?

Serious adverse effects directly caused by the cannula itself are rare. However, incorrect use of the oxygen supply connected to the cannula can cause significant harm. Delivering too much oxygen to patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure — such as those with type 2 respiratory failure in COPD — can suppress the hypoxic drive to breathe and lead to a dangerous rise in carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia). This is a medical emergency. Additionally, oxygen-enriched environments dramatically increase the risk of fire; a spark or flame near oxygen equipment can cause rapid ignition.

What Should You Do If You Experience Side Effects?

For mild nasal dryness, attach a humidifier to your oxygen supply — this is the single most effective way to reduce nasal irritation. For skin pressure marks behind the ears, use foam tubing covers or ear protectors, which are widely available. If you develop persistent nosebleeds, significant skin breakdown, or any signs of worsening breathlessness, contact your GP or respiratory nurse promptly. Do not attempt to increase your oxygen flow rate to manage breathlessness without clinical advice.

Can a Nasal Cannula Interact With Other Medicines?

The nasal cannula itself has no pharmacological interactions. However, certain medicines can affect how your body responds to oxygen therapy. Opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines can suppress respiratory drive, which may alter the oxygen levels you need. If your medication changes, inform your respiratory team so they can review your oxygen prescription if necessary. Always keep your prescribing clinician informed of all medicines you are taking, including over-the-counter products and supplements.

If you are concerned about any side effects, contact your pharmacist or GP immediately.

Patient Information Leaflet

Important - Before taking any medication, it is always important to read the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL)

Written and reviewed by our qualified team

GPhC Number: 2233073
Tarun Kumar

Reviewed by:

Tarun Kumar

Superintendent/ Clinical Lead

📖 Find out more about our team of medical content authors and how we ensure the accuracy of our content with our content guidelines.

Content last updated: 31 Mar 2025

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